ارتبط شهر رمضان، بالكثير من الشعائر والعبادات، وكانت فيه أكبر الفتوحات في الحضارة الإسلامية، كما شهد الشهر الكريم ميلاد ووفاة شخصيات من أعلام التاريخ الإسلامي. .من بينهم، السيدة فاطمة الزهراء، رضي الله عنها، بنت رسول الله ﷺ، وزوج علي بن أبي طالب، رضي الله عنه، وأم سبطي الرسول الحسن والحسين، رضي الله عنهما، توفيت في الثالث من رمضان سنة إحدى عشرة للهجرة.
هي فاطمة بنت محمد بن عبدالله، أصغر بنات رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلَّم- من زوجته خديجة بنت خُويلد وأحبُّهنَّ إليه، وأشبه النَّاس به،ودليل ذلك قول عائشة -رضي الله عنها-: « ما رأيتُ أحدًا كانَ أشبَه سمتًا وَهديًا ودلًّا برسولِ اللَّهِ صلَّى اللَّهُ عليهِ وسلَّمَ من فاطمةَ ».
تزوَّجت في السنة الثانية من الهجرة من الصحابيِّ الجليل علي بن أبي طالب -رضي الله عنه- وذلك بعد غزوة بدر وكان صداقها درعه الحطمية، وأنجبت منه أربعة أولاد وهم: الحسن والحسين وزينب وأم كلثوم، كانت تُكنَّى بأمِّ أبيها، روت السيدة فاطمة الزهراء عن رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- ثمانية عشر حديثًا.
وقد عُرف عنها صدق اللهجة وشدَّة الحياء، تُوفيت السيدة فاطمة الزهراء -رضي الله عنها وأرضاها- في شهر رمضان وكان عمرها آنذاك تسعة وعشرون عامًا، والذي قام بتغسيلها هو زوجها علي بن أبي طالب مع أسماء بنت عُميس -رضي الله عنهم جميعًا وأرضاهم- وكان ذلك بطلبٍ منها وكانت أوَّل من غُطي نعشها من النِّساء في الإسلام..
مواقف من حياة فاطمة الزهراء كانت السيدة فاطمة الزهراء -رضي الله عنها وأرضاها أصغر بنات النبيِّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- وقد صاحبت أبيها دهرًا طويلًا؛ حيث توفيت جميع أخواتها في حياة النبيِّ فآزرت أبيها وناصرته عندما آذته صناديد قريش،[٨] وفيما يلي بعض المواقف من سيرة السيدة فاطمة الزهراء: طرحت سلا الجزور عن ظهر رسول الله -صلى الله عليهم وسلم- بعد أن وضعها عقبة بن أبي معيط أثناء انشغال النبيِّ في صلاته، كما أنَّها قامت بشتم كفار قريش على فعلتهم.
و طالبت السيدة فاطمة الزهراء بنصيبها من ميراث أبيها بعد وفاته من أبي بكرٍ إلَّا أنَّ أبا بكرٍ رفض ذلك؛ وذلك لأنَّ النبيَّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: « لا نُورِّثُ ما تركنا صدقةً »،[١٠] فهجرت السيدة فاطمة أبا بكرٍ حتى تُوفيت، إلَّا أنَّ أبا بكرٍ ترضَّاها حتى رضيت.
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