هل يمكن لشخص تعافى من فيروس كورونا أن يصاب به من جديد ؟ في ظل معركة محمومة ضد جائحة كورونا، لا تزال الدراسات والأبحاث جارية لفك الغموض الذي يكتنف هذا المرض، لا سيما مسألة اكتساب المناعة.
وللإجابة عن هذا السؤال، يقدم الدكتور جمال بوزيدي، أخصائي أمراض الرئة والحساسية، والدكتور حسن البردعي ، رئيس جمعية الأطباء الداخليين بالرباط (أمير) توضيحات لوكالة المغرب العربي للأنباء بهذا الخصوص.
* هل يمكن الإصابة بفيروس (كوفيد -19) للمرة الثانية ؟
يوضح الدكتور البردعي أن التجربة الحالية في مواجهة هذا الفيروس الجديد محدودة. في المغرب، يتم إجراء اختبارين في غضون 24 ساعة لتأكيد شفاء المريض.
من الناحية النظرية، يتابع الدكتور البردعي، يطور الشخص بعد الإصابة مناعة ذاتية، أي أجساما مضادة واقية ، لكن هذا الأمر “يبقى نظريا”. فبالنسبة لـ (كوفيد-19)، من السابق لأوانه الجزم بيقين بهذا الخصوص.
وبدوره، يقول الدكتور بوزيدي، بشكل عام ، “تمنح الأمراض الفيروسية مناعة دائمة”، لكن لا توجد دراسة علمية في الوقت الراهن تؤكد أو تنفي اكتساب المناعة في حالة الإصابة ب(كوفيد-19). لا يستطيع أحد أن يعطي إجابة قاطعة عن هذا السؤال.
* ماذا تعني مناعة المجتمع ( أو المجموعة) ؟
يوضح الدكتور بوزيدي أن مناعة المجتمع تتمثل في السماح “بانتشار الفيروس ليصل لعدد كبير من الناس، فيحصل التعافي تلقائيا (بنسبة أكثر من 60 في المائة)”. وهذا الخيار كانت قد تبنته بريطانيا في البداية، لكنها عدلت عنه بعد أن تبين فشله، لتتجه بعده نحو خيار الحجر الصحي .
وأضاف الدكتور أن اعتماد هذه الطريقة يتطلب مضاعفة الموارد المتاحة ب30 مرة للتمكن من استيعاب الوافدين من المرضى في حالة حرجة تتطلب الإنعاش ، وهو أمر “شبه مستحيل”.
* ماذا عن العلاج عبر حقن بلازما شخص متعاف من فيروس (كوفيد-19 ) لشخص مصاب ؟
تقنية حقن البلازما علاج قديم، تم استخدامه في فترة انتشار الإنفلونزا الإسبانية التي أودت بحياة ما بين 50 و 100 مليون شخص عامي 1918 و 1919.
وأوضح الدكتور بوزيدي أن هذا العلاج يعتمد على حقن بلازما الدم التي يتم جمعها من أشخاص متعافين من المرض لحقنها لأشخاص مصابين، أي نقل الأجسام المضادة من دم الذين شفوا من فيروس كورونا إلى المرضى المصابين.
وأشار إلى أن المغرب اعتمد من جهته، دواء الكلوروكين لعلاج المرضى والتكفل بهم منذ ظهور الأعراض الأولى للمرض لديهم، “مما أعطى نتيجة جيدة للغاية، ولم يتطلب الأمر اللجوء إلى استعمال البلازما” .
بالنسبة للدكتور البردعي ، فإن اعتماد الكلوروكين كان خيارا جيدا جدا ، بالنظر للنتائج الحالية من حيث التعافي، وخاصة من حيث الوفيات التي تعتبر جد ضئيلة.
وفي انتظار معرفة المزيد عن فيروس (كوفيد-19)، أوصى رئيس جمعية الأطباء الداخليين بالرباط باتخاذ جميع التدابير الوقائية والاحترازية لحماية الذات والغير من هذا الفيروس.
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